The "Fake News PL"

a content analysis on the regulatory proposal

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22484/2177-5788.2021v47n2p363-393

Keywords:

PL 2630/2020, Fake news, Regulation

Abstract

The growing wave of contemporary disinformation, leveraged by digital distribution processes, reaches the public debate, affects the democratic environment and awakens the urgent need for regulation. In order to contribute to this debate, this article intends to make a content analysis, based on the methodology of Bardin (1977), of two moments of the Brazilian Law Project on Freedom, Responsibility and Transparency on the Internet, approved by the Federal Senate in June 2020, to understand what the focus of this legislation is on combating the spread of fake news and the main changes between the first text submitted and the approved version. As a result, we pointed to the shift of focus from content regulation to platform architecture.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Eliana Sanches de Frias, University of São Paulo School of Communications and Arts

Journalist, graduated from the School of Communications and Arts of the University of São Paulo, and Master's student at the Postgraduate Program in Communication Sciences at the same School, supervised by prof. Dr Eugenio Bucci. Member of the Journalism, Law and Freedom group (JDL/ECA-USP) and scholarship holder at the Center for Artificial Intelligence (C4AI), at InovaUSP, for studies on Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation.

Lizete Barbosa da Nóbrega, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte

Master's student at the Postgraduate Program in Media Studies at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (PPgEM/UFRN). She is part of the Pragmatic Research Group on Communication and Media: theories, languages, cultural industries and citizenship (Pragma / UFRN / CNPq) and Preserv-Ação: Research Group on Communication, Science and Environment (UFRN / UFPA / CNPq ).

References

BAKIR, Vian; MCSTAY, Andrew. Fake news and the Economy of Emotions: problems, causes, solutions. Digital Journalism, Londres, v. 6, n. 2, p. 1-22, jul. 2017.

BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1977.

BLAKE-TURNER, Christopher. Fake news, relevant alternatives, and the degradation of our epistemic environment. Inquiry, Noruega, p. 1-21, fev. 2020.

BRADSHAW, Samantha; HOWARD, Phillip. Challenging truth and trust: a global inventory of organized social media manipulation. Oxford: Computational Propaganda Project, University of Oxford, 2018.

BRANT, João et al. Regulação de combate à desinformação: estudo de oito casos internacionais e recomendações para uma abordagem democrática. São Paulo: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Brasil, 2021.

BRASIL. Câmara dos Deputados. Projeto de Lei n. 1429/20. Institui a Lei Brasileira de Liberdade, Responsabilidade e Transparência na Internet. Câmara dos Deputados, 2020a. Disponível em: https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra;jsessionid=node0wi23vpj2o3ijw6pg0xx6b4p526550746.node0?codteor=1872575&filename=PL+1429/2020. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2021.

BRASIL. Câmara dos Deputados. Projeto de Lei n. 2630/20. Institui a Lei Brasileira de Liberdade, Responsabilidade e Transparência na Internet. Câmara dos Deputados, 2020b. Disponível em: https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra?codteor=1909983. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2021.

BRAUN, Joshua; EKLUND, Jessica. Fake news, real money: ad tech platforms, Profit-Driven Hoaxes and the Business of Journalism. Digital Journalism, Londres, v. 7, n. 1, p.1-21, jan. 2019.

BRITO CRUZ, Francisco et al. Internet e eleições no Brasil: diagnósticos e recomendações. InternetLab, São Paulo, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.internetlab.org.br/pt/informacao-e-politica/internet-e-eleicoes-no-brasil-diagnosticos-e-recomendacoes. Acesso em: 02 jun. 2021.

BRITO CRUZ, Francisco; MASSARO, Heloísa; FRAGOSO, Nathalie. Estratégias de proteção do debate democrático na internet. InternetLab, São Paulo, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.internetlab.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/il_policypaper2_estrategias-de-protecao_20200715.pdf. Acesso em: 05 jun. 2021.

BRITO CRUZ, Francisco; VALENTE, Mariana. Leis para desinformação exigem mais do que boas intenções. Nexo, São Paulo, 15 maio 2020. Disponível em: https://www.nexojornal.com.br/ensaio/debate/2020/Leis-para-desinformação-exigem-mais-do-que-boas-intenções. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2021.

BUCCI, Eugênio. Existe democracia sem verdade factual? São Paulo: Estação das Letras e Cores, 2019.

CABAÑES, Jason Vicent. Digital disinformation and the imaginative dimension of communication. Buenos Aires: Sage, 2020.

CÂMARA dos deputados. Disponível em: https://www.camara.leg.br/busca-portal?contextoBusca=BuscaProposicoes&pagina=1&order=relevancia&abaEspecifica=true&q=fake%20news&tipos=PLP,PL,PDL. Acesso em: 06 set. 2021.

CHAMBERS, Simone. Truth, deliberative democracy, and the virtues of accuracy: Is Fake news Destroying the Public Sphere? Political Studies, Reino Unido, v. 69, n. 1, p. 1-17, abr. 2020.

COMBATE à desinformação requer proteção à liberdade de expressão e amplo debate com a sociedade. Coalizão Direitos na Rede, 15 maio 2020. Disponível em: http://plfakenews.direitosnarede.org.br/ombate-a-desinformacao-requer-protecao-a-liberdade-de-expressao-e-amplo-debate-com-a-sociedade/. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2021.

EGELHOFER, Jana Laura; LECHELER, Sophie. Fake news as a two-dimensional phenomenon: a framework and research agenda. Annals of the International Communication Association, Local?, v. 43, n. 2, p. 97-116, abr. 2019.

FARKAS, Johan; SCHOU, Jannick. Fake news as a Floating Signifier: Hegemony, Antagonism and the Politics of Falsehood. Javnost – The Public, Eslovênia, v. 25, n. 3, p. 298-314, ago. 2018.

FARKAS, Johan; SCHOU, Jannick. Post-truth, fake news and democracy. Mapping the politics of falsehood. New York: Routledge, 2020.

FÁVERO, Bruno. Editorial: Com conceitos vagos sobre desinformação e verificação, projeto de lei contra fake news fere liberdades. Aos Fatos, Rio de Janeiro, 30 maio 2020. Disponível em: https://www.aosfatos.org/noticias/editorial-com-conceitos-vagos-sobre-desinformacao-e-verificacao-projeto-de-lei-contra-fake-news-fere-liberdades/. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2021.

FUNKE, Daniel; FLAMINI, Daniela. A guide to anti-misinformation actions around the world. International Fact-checking Network. Disponível em: https://www.poynter.org/ifcn/anti-misinformation-actions/. Acesso em: 07 jun. 2021.

GELFERT, Axel. Fake news: a definition. Informal Logic, Quebec, v. 38, n. 1, p. 84-117, 2018.

GRAHAM, Richard. Google and advertising: digital capitalism in the context of Post-Fordism, the reification of language, and the rise of fake news. Palgrave Communication, London, v. 3, n. 45, p. 1-19, 2017.

KRÄMER, Benjamin. Populist online practices: the function of the Internet in right-wing populism. Information, Communication & Society, Reino Unido, v. 20, n. 9, p. 1293-1309, 2017.

LEMOS, Ronaldo. Contra fake news, siga o dinheiro. Folha de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 24 maio 2020. Disponível em: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/ronaldolemos/2020/05/contra-fake-news-siga-o-dinheiro.shtml. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2021.

MELLO, Patrícia Campos. A máquina do ódio: notas de uma repórter sobre fake news e violência digital. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2020.

MENDONÇA, Ricardo; CAETANO, Renato Duarte. Populism as parody: the visual self-presentation of Jair Bolsonaro on Instagram. International Journal of Press/Politics, Reino Unido, v. 26, n. 1, p. 1-26, 2020.

POSETTI, Julie; MATTHEWS, Alice. A short guide to the history of ’fake news’ and disinformation. International Center for Journalists, Washington DC, 27 jul. 2018.

SRNICEK, Nick. Capitalismo de plataformas. Buenos Aries: Caja Negra, 2018.

SUNSTEIN, Cass. #republic. Divided democracy in the age of social media. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2017.

Published

2021-12-17

How to Cite

SANCHES DE FRIAS, Eliana; BARBOSA DA NÓBREGA, Lizete. The "Fake News PL": a content analysis on the regulatory proposal. Revista de Estudos Universitários - REU, Sorocaba, SP, v. 47, n. 2, p. 363–393, 2021. DOI: 10.22484/2177-5788.2021v47n2p363-393. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uniso.br/reu/article/view/4803. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2024.